Lekcija 2

Apéndice 1

Lekcija 1

Bosnio-Croata-Serbio. Preámbulo

BOSNIO – CROATA – SERBIO

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bosanski – hrvatski – srpski

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Wikipedia dixit:
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The Bosnian language (bosanski jezik) is one of the standard versions of the Central-South Slavic diasystem, based on the Štokavian dialect. The language is spoken by Bosniaks in Bosnia and Herzegovina, the region of Sandžak (in Serbia and Montenegro) and elsewhere. It is based on the Western variant of the Štokavian dialect. The Bosnian alphabet is based on Latin. Cyrillic alphabet is accepted (chiefly to accommodate for its usage in Bosnia in the past, during the time of former Yugoslavia), but seldom used in today's practice. The name Bosnian language is the commonly accepted name among Bosniak linguists, and the name used by the ISO-639 standard.

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The Croatian language (Croatian: Hrvatski jezik) is a language of the western group of South Slavic languages which is used primarily by the Croats. It is one of the standard versions of the Central-South Slavic diasystem.

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Croatian is based on the Ijekavian pronunciation of Štokavian dialect (with some influence from Čakavian and Kajkavian) and written with the Croatian alphabet.

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The modern Croatian standard language is a continuous outgrowth of more than nine hundred years of literature written in a mixture of Croatian Church Slavonic and the vernacular language. If the subject is narrowed out, Croatian Church Slavonic had been abandoned by the mid-1400s, and Croatian "purely" vernacular literature has existed for more than five centuries.

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The Serbian language (Српски језик or Srpski jezik) is one of the standard versions of the Štokavian dialect, used primarily in Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Croatia, and by Serbs everywhere. The former standard is known as Serbo-Croatian language, now split into Serbian, Croatian and Bosnian standards.

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Serbian orthography is very consistent: approximation of the principle "one letter per sound". This principle is represented by Adelung's saying, "Write as you speak and read as it is written", the principle used by Vuk Stefanović Karadžić when reforming the Cyrillic orthography of Serbian in the 19th century.

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Two alphabets are used in Serbian language: the Cyrillic and the Latin. The two alphabets are almost equivalent; the only difference being the glyphs used. This is due to historical reasons; Serbian once being a part of the Serbo-Croat unification brought Latin usage into Serbia.

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Standard Serbian is based on the Štokavian dialect. The Ekavian variant is spoken mostly in Serbia and ijekavian in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, south-western Serbia, and Croatia. The base for is the ijekavian dialect is East-Herzegovinian, and of the ekavian, the Šumadija-Vojvodina dialect. Features of other shtokavian dialects, as well of the Torlakian dialect, which is spoken in southern Serbia, are not accepted as standard.
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ALFABETO






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Sistema de escritura

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El serbocroat té dos sistemes d'escriptura l'alfabet llatí i l'alfabet ciríl·lic. L'estàndard croat utilitza només el llatí i l'estàndard serbi els utilitza tots dos.

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L'escriptura en ambdós alfabets és totalment fonètica: a cada lletra li correspon un únic i invariable so. La correspondència entre l'alfabet llatí serbi (i croat) i el ciríl·lic serbi és total, i és com segueix:

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FONÉTICAMENTE

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ACENTO
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Recae en la antepenúltima sílaba, en bisílabos en la penúltima. Con sus excepciones, claro.